Commercial Elevator Service in Eagle, Idaho: What “Good Maintenance” Really Looks Like (and How to Plan for It)

Keep tenants moving, protect uptime, and stay inspection-ready—without surprises

For property managers and building owners in Eagle, Idaho, elevator reliability isn’t just a convenience—it’s a daily operational requirement. A proactive commercial elevator service plan helps reduce shutdowns, supports code compliance, and protects the long-term health of your equipment. This guide breaks down what professional elevator service includes, how to recognize early warning signs, and how to build a practical maintenance schedule that fits your building’s traffic and budget.

What commercial elevator service should include (beyond “a quick check”)

“Elevator service” can mean very different things depending on the provider and the contract. A strong maintenance program is structured, documented, and tailored to your elevator type (hydraulic, traction, roped hydraulic), usage patterns, and the building’s duty cycle.

Core elements of quality service visits

Safety & operation checks: door operation, leveling accuracy, ride quality, emergency communication, and basic safety circuit verification.
Controller/diagnostic review: review faults, trending issues, and nuisance trips; confirm settings and responses match site conditions.
Door system attention: operators, rollers, tracks, and sensors are frequent sources of downtime; they need regular adjustment and inspection.
Machine room/hoistway housekeeping: loose hardware, oil leaks, debris, and moisture issues can escalate from “minor” to “shutdown” quickly.
Documentation: clear service tickets, recommendations, and a record trail that helps during periodic inspection and long-term budgeting.

If your service reports are vague (“checked elevator”) or you’re repeatedly seeing the same callbacks, that’s usually a sign the maintenance scope is too light—or not matched to the equipment’s actual needs.

Understanding Idaho inspection expectations (and how service supports them)

In Idaho, conveyances are overseen through the state program, and periodic inspections are part of staying compliant. Idaho law references ANSI/ASME standards and requires different inspection types, including acceptance, routine, and periodic inspections. Periodic inspections are required at least every five years. (law.justia.com)

A maintenance program doesn’t replace inspection—but it dramatically improves inspection readiness by keeping your equipment stable, safe, and properly documented. It also reduces the “inspection surprise” scenario where a deferred repair turns into an urgent shutdown.

Common causes of downtime in commercial buildings (and what to do about them)

1) Door problems (the #1 callback category in many buildings)

Misaligned doors, worn rollers, and sensor issues can create nuisance stops and “door won’t close” faults. Regular adjustments plus proactive replacement of wear components helps keep traffic flowing.

2) Leveling and ride-quality complaints

Poor leveling creates trip hazards and increases tenant complaints. Service should include consistent checks for leveling accuracy, braking performance, and the condition of related components that affect stops and starts.

3) Controller and electrical issues

Modern controllers provide fault history that can reveal patterns before they become outages. If your building has intermittent shutdowns, ask for a fault trend review and a plan—not just a reset.

4) Deferred wear items

Some failures are predictable: rollers, door gibs, contacts, batteries for emergency systems, and other consumables. A service partner should help you forecast these replacements so they become planned maintenance—not emergency expense.

How to build a practical elevator maintenance plan (step-by-step)

Step 1: Document building usage and risk

List building type (office, medical, multi-tenant retail, mixed-use), busiest hours, and any accessibility-critical routes. An elevator that serves primary access needs should be treated as higher priority for uptime planning.

Step 2: Confirm what’s included in your service agreement

Clarify what counts as “covered maintenance” versus billable repairs, response expectations, and after-hours policies. Ask how service recommendations are prioritized (safety, reliability, cosmetic, lifecycle).

Step 3: Set a visit cadence that matches usage

Higher-traffic buildings typically need more frequent attention, especially to doors and controls. Lower-traffic lifts still need consistent maintenance—but the focus may shift to preserving long-term reliability and staying inspection-ready.

Step 4: Keep clean records (and keep them accessible)

Maintain a folder (digital or physical) with service tickets, repair approvals, modernization notes, and inspection documents. For platform lifts and chairlifts, standards emphasize inspection/testing/maintenance practices as part of the safety framework. (asme.org)

Step 5: Plan capital improvements before they become emergencies

If you’re seeing repeat door faults, frequent resets, or aging control equipment, ask your provider about targeted upgrades (not necessarily a full modernization). Even a focused controller improvement can stabilize operation and reduce downtime.

Quick comparison: service levels that property managers commonly choose

Plan Type Best For What You Usually Get Watch Outs
Basic Maintenance Low-traffic buildings with newer equipment Scheduled visits, adjustments, lubrication, documentation Repairs may be mostly billable; can be “reactive” if scope is too limited
Enhanced Reliability Multi-tenant/medical/retail where uptime is critical More frequent service, deeper troubleshooting, prioritized recommendations Make sure response time expectations are defined in writing
Lifecycle / Budgeted Upkeep Older equipment or frequent callbacks Condition-based planning, replacement roadmap for wear items, upgrade options Requires good records and proactive approvals to deliver full value

Local angle: what Eagle & Treasure Valley property managers should plan for

Eagle and the greater Treasure Valley continue to add new professional, retail, and mixed-use spaces—often with higher expectations for accessibility, tenant experience, and operational continuity. That makes it especially important to:

Coordinate service around peak hours: schedule preventative work early, and plan repairs to minimize tenant disruption.
Keep inspection paperwork organized: Idaho’s elevator program provides guidance, forms, and fee information—having your records ready reduces friction when inspections come due. (dopl.idaho.gov)
Match solutions to the facility: some low-rise buildings benefit from LULA elevators or platform lift options where appropriate, but ongoing maintenance still matters for safe operation.

Need commercial elevator service in Eagle, ID?

If you’re managing a commercial property and want fewer callbacks, clearer documentation, and a maintenance plan that fits your building’s real-world usage, Idaho Custom Lifts & Elevators can help.

Request Service or a Maintenance Quote

Prefer planning first? Ask for a site walk-through and a prioritized reliability list.

FAQ: Commercial elevator service in Eagle, Idaho

How often should a commercial elevator be serviced?

It depends on building traffic, elevator type, and equipment condition. Many commercial properties benefit from routine scheduled maintenance that focuses heavily on door operation, safety checks, and fault review. A good provider will recommend a cadence based on real usage rather than a one-size-fits-all schedule.

What’s the difference between maintenance and inspection?

Maintenance is ongoing work to keep the elevator operating safely and reliably (adjustments, lubrication, repairs, documentation). Inspections are formal evaluations required by code and the state program. Idaho requires inspections performed in accordance with referenced ANSI/ASME standards, including periodic inspections at least every five years. (law.justia.com)

What are signs my elevator needs more than a “basic” service plan?

Frequent door faults, recurring resets, leveling complaints, unusual noises, inconsistent ride quality, or repeat callbacks for the same issue are all signs your current scope may be too light. Ask for a fault trend review and a prioritized corrective plan.

Do platform lifts and wheelchair lifts also need scheduled service?

Yes. Platform and stairway lift safety standards address inspection, testing, and maintenance as part of safe operation. If your building uses platform lifts for accessibility, treat them like critical equipment—keep logs, schedule service, and address small issues early. (asme.org)

Can controller upgrades improve reliability without replacing the entire elevator?

Often, yes. If your elevator is mechanically sound but struggles with faults, outdated diagnostics, or inconsistent operation, a controller upgrade (or targeted electrical work) can improve stability and serviceability. A site assessment is the best way to determine what’s appropriate.

Glossary (plain-English elevator terms)

Controller: The “brain” of the elevator. It processes calls, manages safety circuits, and controls motion and door operation.
Door operator: The mechanism that opens and closes the elevator doors. Door-related issues are a common source of shutdowns.
Leveling: How accurately the elevator car stops even with the floor. Poor leveling can create trip hazards and ADA concerns.
LULA elevator: “Limited Use/Limited Application” elevator commonly used for low-rise accessibility needs in certain buildings (when appropriate by code).
Periodic inspection: A scheduled inspection type required by the state program at set intervals; in Idaho, periodic inspections are required at least every five years. (law.justia.com)
Looking for residential options instead? Explore home elevator installation in Boise-area communities or residential stair lifts.

Stair Lift Installation in Nampa, Idaho: A Practical Guide to Safer Stairs, Better Mobility, and Long-Term Reliability

A clearer way to plan your stair lift—before you buy, remodel, or schedule installation

Many Nampa-area homes have stairs that work fine—until an injury, balance change, or aging-in-place plan turns “just a few steps” into a daily obstacle. A professionally installed stair lift can restore access to bedrooms, laundry rooms, and basements while reducing fall risk and caregiver strain. This guide explains how stair lift installation works, what to measure, what to ask, and how to avoid common pitfalls—so your lift feels like a natural part of your home, not an afterthought.

What a stair lift is (and what it isn’t)

A stair lift (often called a stair chair lift) is a motorized chair that travels along a rail mounted to your staircase. It’s designed to move one seated rider up or down the stairs with consistent, controlled speed. Most models include a seat belt, footrest safety sensors, and call/send controls so the chair can be brought to either floor when needed.

A stair lift is not the same as a wheelchair platform lift, a residential elevator, or a commercial LULA elevator. Those solutions may be better for wheelchair users, larger transfers, or multi-floor access needs—especially when a staircase can’t accommodate the right clearances.

Best fit for a stair lift

Ambulatory riders who can sit and transfer safely, want to keep the existing staircase, and need a solution that typically installs faster than major construction.

When to consider other options

Wheelchair users needing to stay in the chair, very narrow staircases, or long-term plans that require moving multiple people/items between floors (an elevator or platform lift may be a better match).
If you’re comparing solutions, you can explore related options here: Residential Stair Lifts, Boise Residential Elevator Installation, and Residential Wheelchair Lifts.

How stair lift installation typically works (from quote to first ride)

A quality stair lift install is part measurement, part safety planning, and part homeowner education. Here’s what a professional process usually includes:

1) In-home assessment & staircase measurement

Your installer measures total run, landing space at top and bottom, stair width, rail mounting points, and any obstacles (doors, HVAC vents, trim details, handrails). If the staircase has turns or intermediate landings, a custom rail may be required.
 

2) Model selection & safety options

This is where comfort and usability get decided: seat height, swivel seat at the top landing, armrest controls, footrest configuration, and whether a folding rail or parking position keeps walkways clear.
 

3) Electrical planning (and why it matters)

Many modern stair lifts use a battery system that charges automatically when parked at a charging point. Your installer will confirm outlet placement, verify that the charger location is practical, and reduce trip hazards from cords. If a dedicated circuit or electrical work is needed, it’s best to identify it early—before install day.
 

4) Installation, testing, and user training

The rail is mounted to the stair treads (not typically to the wall), the chair is installed, and safety checks are performed: smooth start/stop, obstruction sensors, seat swivel lock, belt function, and call/send controls. You should also receive hands-on training—how to park the chair, charge it properly, fold it, and what to do if it stops.
For ongoing reliability, plan ahead for service. If you’re responsible for multiple accessibility devices (stair lifts, platform lifts, dumbwaiters), a maintenance plan can help prevent downtime: Lift & Dumbwaiter Maintenance.

Common stair lift choices (and how they affect installation)

Option Best for Installation considerations
Straight stair lift Stairs with no turns or landings Often the simplest measurement and fastest install; confirm landing clearance for safe on/off transfers.
Curved stair lift Stairs with turns, pie steps, or intermediate landings Typically requires custom rail fabrication; careful planning for door swings and walkway clearance matters more.
Outdoor stair lift Porch-to-entry or exterior steps Weather-rated components and protection from wind/snow are key; plan for a safe, dry parking/charging position.
Heavy-duty / wider seat options Extra comfort, higher capacity needs May require additional stair width/clearance; confirm that others can still use the stairs comfortably when the chair is parked/folded.
Tip: If wheelchair access is the core requirement (not seated stair travel), a wheelchair platform lift may be more appropriate than a stair lift—especially in public-facing or multi-user environments.

Step-by-step: How to prepare your home for stair lift installation

A smoother installation (and fewer surprises) comes down to preparation. Use this checklist before your in-home appointment:

Homeowner checklist

Clear the staircase: Remove rugs, décor, and anything stored on steps or landings.
Note door and hallway conflicts: Any door that swings toward the stairs can affect rail placement or parking position.
Identify the primary rider’s needs: Transfer side (left/right), seat height comfort, leg/foot positioning, and whether a powered swivel seat would reduce twisting.
Confirm who else uses the stairs: Kids, pets, deliveries, vacuuming—your installer can plan folding features and parking to keep foot traffic comfortable.
Plan for future mobility: If a walker is used now (or may be soon), make sure landing space and turning room are realistic.
Think about service access: You want a technician to reach key components without moving furniture or blocking hallways.
Idaho Custom Lifts & Elevators provides sales, installation, and long-term care for mobility and accessibility equipment across the Treasure Valley. If you want a single point of contact for planning and support, see: Elevator Sales, Support, and Service.

Did you know? Quick facts that help you make smarter decisions

Many “accessibility lifts” are governed by different safety standards

Stairway chairlifts and platform lifts are commonly associated with the ASME A18.1 safety standard, which covers design/installation/maintenance considerations for these devices. Your installer should understand which standard applies to your specific equipment and use case.

Not every accessibility solution is “one-and-done”

Like any moving equipment, stair lifts need periodic inspection, adjustment, and cleaning—especially when pets, carpet fibers, or high traffic increase debris around the rail.

State oversight is a real factor for many conveyances

Idaho’s Elevator Program outlines certification and inspection processes for elevators and certain conveyances (including fee schedules and code adoptions). If your project involves a platform lift, elevator, dumbwaiter, or similar equipment, compliance planning matters early.

Local angle: what Nampa homeowners and property managers should keep in mind

In Nampa and across the Treasure Valley, stair lift requests often come from two situations: (1) homeowners adapting a multi-level home for aging in place, and (2) families responding quickly after a fall, surgery, or diagnosis. Either way, the best outcomes happen when the plan fits the home’s layout and the rider’s day-to-day routine.

A few local realities to consider:

Entry steps and garages: Many homes rely on garage entry. If the hardest steps are outside or from garage-to-main level, an outdoor stair lift or a vertical platform lift may be worth discussing.
Basements as living space: If the basement is a bedroom, family room, or laundry, stair access becomes a daily need—making comfort features (swivel seat, footrest clearance) more important.
Cold-season practicality: Outdoor equipment must be selected and positioned with weather exposure in mind so the lift remains dependable when conditions are less forgiving.
Long-term service availability: Choose a solution supported by a local service team that can maintain and troubleshoot your equipment year after year.
If you manage a facility or public-facing building near Nampa and need broader accessibility support, you may also want to review: Commercial Elevators & Lifts and Commercial Elevator Service & Maintenance.

Ready for a stair lift quote in Nampa?

Idaho Custom Lifts & Elevators is a family-owned, full-service team serving the Treasure Valley with design, installation, maintenance, and support. If you’d like an on-site assessment and a clear plan for your staircase, reach out today.
Prefer exploring options first? Start here: Custom Elevators & Lifts in Boise, ID

FAQ: Stair lift installation in Nampa, Idaho

How long does stair lift installation take?

Many straight stair lifts can be installed in a single visit once the correct equipment is on hand. Curved stair lifts often involve additional lead time because the rail is typically custom-fabricated to match your staircase.
 

Will a stair lift damage my stairs?

The rail is typically mounted to the stair treads with fasteners. A professional installation minimizes cosmetic impact and maintains structural integrity. If you remove a stair lift later, small repair/finish work may be needed.
 

Do stair lifts work during a power outage?

Many modern stair lifts use batteries that charge automatically, so they may continue to operate for a limited number of trips during an outage. The exact performance depends on model, battery condition, rider weight, and how consistently the chair is parked at the charging point.
 

What safety features should I insist on?

At minimum: a seat belt, obstruction sensors (especially on the footrest), a secure top-landing swivel (so you can exit away from the stairs), and easy-to-use controls. Your installer should also provide training and verify that the rider can transfer safely.
 

Should I choose a stair lift or a wheelchair lift?

If the rider can safely sit and transfer, a stair lift can be a great fit. If the rider needs to remain in a wheelchair, a platform lift or elevator is usually the better solution. An in-home assessment clarifies clearances, transfer safety, and the most practical equipment type.

Glossary (helpful terms you’ll hear during stair lift planning)

Call/Send Controls

Buttons placed at the top and/or bottom landing that allow you to bring the chair to your location without walking the stairs.

Swivel Seat

A seat that rotates (often at the top landing) so the rider can exit onto the landing rather than stepping off toward the staircase.

Folding Rail

A rail section that folds up (commonly at the bottom landing) to keep a doorway, hallway, or walkway clear when the lift is parked.

ASME A18.1

A safety standard associated with platform lifts and stairway chairlifts, used by industry professionals to guide safe design, installation, inspection, testing, and maintenance practices.

Dumbwaiter Installation in Meridian, Idaho: A Practical Guide to Safer, Smarter Home & Commercial Material Moving

When stairs are the problem, a dumbwaiter is the quiet solution

Carrying groceries, laundry, boxes, or catering trays up and down stairs is one of the most common sources of daily strain—especially in multi-level homes, offices, and light commercial spaces. A properly planned dumbwaiter installation can reduce lifting injuries, improve workflow, and add a “why didn’t we do this sooner?” convenience factor without changing how your building is used.

What a dumbwaiter is (and what it isn’t)

A dumbwaiter is a small, enclosed lift designed to move materials only—not people—between floors. In homes, that usually means groceries to a pantry, laundry between bedrooms and a laundry room, or firewood and storage bins to a basement. In commercial settings, dumbwaiters are often used to move food service items, supplies, or boxed inventory between levels.

Because dumbwaiters are material-handling equipment, they’re typically faster to integrate into a building than a passenger elevator—yet they still require careful planning around safety devices, controls, and code-compliant construction.

Why dumbwaiters are popular in Meridian homes and businesses

In the Treasure Valley, it’s common to see multi-story homes, daylight basements, garage-to-kitchen elevation changes, and commercial spaces built to maximize footprint. A dumbwaiter can be a strong fit when you want:

  • Less carrying on stairs (groceries, laundry, small appliances, seasonal décor)
  • Better organization (dedicated “drop zone” landings on each level)
  • Improved accessibility at home (reducing repetitive strain even when a person lift isn’t needed)
  • Smoother back-of-house operations (food service, offices, churches, lodges, and storage workflows)

Code & safety basics that affect dumbwaiter installation in Idaho

In Idaho, conveyances such as elevators, platform lifts, and dumbwaiters fall under statewide oversight through the Idaho Elevator Program. Idaho’s elevator safety framework references nationally recognized ASME standards for different equipment types. In plain terms: your lift should be selected, installed, and maintained in a way that aligns with the applicable safety code, and the project may require permitting/inspection depending on the use case and equipment type. (law.justia.com)

For property owners in Meridian, the most practical takeaway is this: treat a dumbwaiter as a regulated piece of equipment—not a DIY carpentry project. Planning for compliant doors/gates, safe controls, proper wiring, and a correctly constructed hoistway is what makes a dumbwaiter reliable for years instead of “temperamental” after a season.

Step-by-step: how a successful dumbwaiter installation typically happens

1) Choose the job your dumbwaiter needs to do

Start by listing your real payloads (groceries, laundry baskets, boxed files, catering trays). This helps determine capacity, car size, and landing layout. Oversizing can waste space; undersizing becomes frustrating quickly.

2) Pick the right route: stacked landings vs. offset landings

The cleanest installs usually stack landings vertically (kitchen-to-basement, garage-to-main level, main level-to-second floor). If your floor plan forces offset landings, you’ll want an experienced team to confirm structural feasibility, framing, and door placement.

3) Plan the hoistway and doors like you plan plumbing—early

The hoistway is the “shaft” the dumbwaiter travels inside. Good planning keeps it out of critical HVAC runs, avoids awkward door swings, and reduces finish-work rework. In homes, this often means aligning inside a pantry wall, closet, or cabinetry run.

4) Confirm controls, interlocks, and safe loading habits

The “human factors” matter: where the call/send controls go, whether you want keying or restricted use (common commercially), and how you’ll prevent overload or items shifting in transit. A well-installed dumbwaiter should feel simple to operate and predictable—no guessing.

5) Finish integration: trim, cabinetry, and noise control

Dumbwaiters can blend in beautifully. Many homeowners in Meridian choose discreet, cabinet-style doors at kitchen level, and durable finishes in garages or basements. If noise is a concern, discuss vibration isolation and where the drive components sit relative to bedrooms or living spaces.

Residential vs. commercial dumbwaiter installs: quick comparison

Decision Point Residential Dumbwaiter Commercial Dumbwaiter
Primary goal Convenience, reduced lifting, aging-in-place support Workflow, throughput, safety for staff and operations
Typical finishes Cabinet-integrated doors, paint-grade trim Durable paint or stainless steel; cleanable surfaces
Usage patterns Short bursts (groceries/laundry) with light daily volume Higher cycle counts; may run throughout operating hours
Maintenance priority Reliability + quiet operation Downtime reduction + predictable service intervals

If you’re unsure which approach fits your property, it helps to discuss the intended load, travel height, and traffic patterns early—before walls are opened or cabinetry is built.

Common planning mistakes (and how to avoid them)

  • Installing “where it fits” instead of “where it works.” A dumbwaiter should land where you naturally set items down (pantry, mudroom, laundry). The best location reduces steps—not just stairs.
  • Forgetting door/landing clearance. Door swing and counter space matter. A tight pantry landing can turn into a daily annoyance.
  • Underestimating electrical and control needs. Clean, code-compliant wiring and properly placed controls are key to reliability and safe use.
  • Skipping a maintenance plan. Like any lift, preventive service keeps operation smooth and avoids “it stopped between floors” moments at the worst time.

Did you know? (Quick facts property owners appreciate)

Idaho maintains a statewide elevator program. Conveyances like dumbwaiters and platform lifts fall under state oversight, with published fees and guidance available through the Idaho Elevator Program. (dopl.idaho.gov)
Different lift types follow different standards. Platform lifts and stairway chairlifts are covered under ASME A18.1, while elevators/dumbwaiters/material lifts are addressed under ASME A17.1 series in Idaho’s adopted code framework. (dopl.idaho.gov)
ADA guidance treats platform lifts differently than elevators. For public accessibility, ADA standards reference ASME A18.1 editions (with provisions like independent operability). (access-board.gov)

Local angle: what to think about in Meridian, Idaho

Meridian homeowners often want accessibility upgrades that are helpful now and supportive long-term—without making the home feel “medical.” Dumbwaiters are a strong middle ground: they reduce lifting and stair trips while staying visually discreet.

For commercial property managers in Meridian, the bigger win is often workflow consistency. When staff can move supplies safely without carrying loads on stairs, you reduce slip-and-fall exposure and keep operations moving—especially during events, busy weekends, or seasonal spikes.

Related services you may want to review

Ready to plan a dumbwaiter installation?

Idaho Custom Lifts & Elevators is a family-owned, full-service elevator and accessibility company based in Boise, serving Meridian and the Treasure Valley with design, installation, service, and maintenance for residential and commercial lift solutions.

Request a Quote / Schedule a Site Visit

Prefer to explore options first? Visit our service overview for support and ongoing care.

FAQ: Dumbwaiter installation in Meridian, ID

Do dumbwaiters require permits or inspections in Idaho?

Many conveyances in Idaho fall under the Idaho Elevator Program. Requirements can vary by equipment type and application, so the safest approach is to confirm scope during planning and coordinate code-compliant installation and any necessary inspection steps. (dopl.idaho.gov)

How much space do I need for a dumbwaiter?

Space depends on car size, travel height, door configuration, and how the hoistway is framed. Many homeowners place dumbwaiters in pantry/closet zones or along garage-to-kitchen walls where stacked landings are feasible. A site visit is the fastest way to confirm workable dimensions.

What’s the difference between a dumbwaiter and a platform lift?

A dumbwaiter is for materials only. A platform lift is designed to carry a mobility-impaired person (often with a wheelchair) and is covered under a different safety standard (ASME A18.1). (asme.org)

Can a dumbwaiter be added to an existing home?

Often, yes. Retrofits depend on whether you can create a continuous vertical path for a hoistway without major conflicts with plumbing, HVAC, or structural elements. Many successful retrofits prioritize stacked landings and minimal finish disruption.

How often should a dumbwaiter be serviced?

Service frequency depends on usage (daily cycles, load patterns, and environment). A preventive maintenance plan helps identify wear early, keep safety features functioning correctly, and reduce downtime—especially for commercial applications.

Glossary (helpful terms)

Hoistway
The framed shaft/enclosure where the dumbwaiter car travels between landings.
Landing
The stop location (floor level) where items are loaded or unloaded.
Interlock
A safety mechanism that helps ensure doors/gates are in the correct state before the unit can run.
ASME A17.1 / ASME A18.1
Widely used safety standards referenced by jurisdictions. In Idaho’s published adopted codes, A17.1 covers elevators and related conveyances, while A18.1 covers platform lifts and stairway chairlifts. (dopl.idaho.gov)